Chemical Formula:See SODALITE
Familly: Silicates
Status: NON APPR
Crystal System: Isometric
Mineral for Display: Yes
UV Type | Main color | Intensity | Observation Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Long Waves (365nm): | Orange | Strong | Always | Mid waves (320 nm): | Orange | Short Waves (254 nm): | Orangy yellow | Medium | Very often |
Other colors LW: | Orangy yellow , Orange Red , | ||
Other colors MW: | Orangy yellow , | ||
Other colors SW: | Bluish White , Yellowish White , Orangy yellow , Orange , Yellowish , |
Daylight Picture
hackmanite,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author
Long Waves Picture (365nm)
hackmanite under UVLW,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author
Galerie de photos:
...To the gallery (22 images in the gallery)
UV Type | Color | Intensity | Observation Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Long Wave (365nm): | Bluish White | Medium | Mid Waves (320 nm): | Bluish White | Very Strong | Short Waves (254 nm): | Bluish White | Very Strong |
hackmanite, up after and down before exposition to SW (tenebrescence);
Koksha Valley, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan;
;
Col. G.Barmarin; Photo: G. Barmarin
Thermoluminescence: Yes
A sulfide rich sodalite and should not be regarded as a separate species.
Most Common Activator: S2-
Peaks in the spectrum (nm):
S2- : (566),(610), 625, 647, 664, (695), (723), (751nm)
Col. G. Barmarin; Spectre: G. Barmarin
To the spectrum gallery (1 spectra in the gallery)
O. Ivan Lee investigated what he calls the reversible photosensitivity of hackmanite from Bancroft (Ontario) and his response to different UV sources as early as 1936. He presented the phenomenon for the 50th Anniversary Celebration Banquet of the New York Mineralogical Club, in November 18, 1936 at the American Museum of Natural History. It seems that it was the first observation and the first public announcement and publication (American Mineralogist vol 21) about photochromism (tenebrescence) in mineralogy. Chemical analyses revealed that the mineral contains a certain amount of sulfur as a substitute for chlorine in the crystal structure. The FTIR spectra of hackmanite showed that the samples contain water. The stretching vibration peak of water of crystallization (H2O) occurs at 3438 cm-1 and the bending peak is at 1623 cm-1. Its tenebrescence is caused by hole color centers which are contributed to the presence of sulfur (S2-)) and to some negatively charged chlorine atoms being missing in the crystal structure of hackmanite. (source: http://www.geology.com.cn/Geology-Journals/article-35765.html) Crystals of Hackmanite of Koksha Valley in Afghanistan are usually found in a matrix constituted by non-fluorescing Winchite and/or marble. Synthetic sodalites containing sulfur and showing considerable photochromic activity have been investigated by ESR. The center responsible for the color has been shown to be an electron trapped at a chlorine vacancy. The origin of the electron which is reversibly transferred during the processes of coloration and bleaching is believed to be the ion S2-). (see William G. Hodgson, Jacob S. Brinen, and Emil F. Williams, Electron Spin Resonance Investigation of Photochromic Sodalites, The Journal of Chemical Physics 47, 3719 , 1967)
(*)Data are not exhaustive and are limited to the most important localities for fluorescence
Images:
Video:
http://www.mindat.org/show.php?name=Hackmanite
http://webmineral.com/data/Hackmanite.shtml
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