Luminescent

Minerals of Mont St Hilaire,

Québec, Canada


Gérard BARMARIN

List of all Mont St Hilaire minerals included in the database

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There are 84 luminescent minerals found in Mont St Hilaire, Québec, Canada included in the database.

•  ALBITE NaAlSi₃O₈
  
  LW: Red
  MW: Red
  SW: Red
  Comments:

  Pericline variety (ellongated albite following b axis) is sometime fluorescent: SW and LW: red; OL: bleu;

  Cleavelandite variety (albite in lamellar masses) is sometime fluorescent: SW and LW: cream; SW: pink (very weak);

  
  
  

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•  ANALCIME-A Na[AlSi₂O₆] H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  ANDESINE (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)₄O₈
  
  LW:
  MW: Violet
  SW: Red
  Comments:
  
  

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•  ANORTHOCLASE (Na,K)AlSi₃O₈
  
  LW: Orange
  MW: Violet
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  ARAGONITE CaCO₃
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Pink
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  • Nicholsonite (Zincian Aragonite): OL: jaune-orangé; OC: blanc-bleuté, crème;
  • Strontio-aragonite: OL: rouge-orangé, rose; OC: rose, blanc;
  • Tarnowitzite (aragonite plombifère): OL:orange, jaune, crème, vert; OC: jaune, crème;

  Kunz and Baskerville noted that aragonite fluoresces often strongly during their memorable investigation of 13000 mineral specimens in 1903.

  
  
  

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•  BURBANKITE (Na,Ca)₃(Sr,Ba,Ce)₃(CO₃)₅
  
  LW: Orange Red
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Orange Red
  Comments:

  Specimen not analyzed. should be strictly speaking labeled burbankite group (in the sense of Horvath – Lapis, Rivista 2000). Other possibilities for not analysed specimens: remondite(Ce), petersenite-(Ce), khanneshite and calcioburbankite. 

  
  
  

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•  CALCIOHILAIRITE Ca Zr Si3 O9 3H2 O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  CALCITE CaCO₃
  
  LW: Pink
  MW: Red
  SW: Blue
  Comments:

  manganocalcite OC rose, rouge; OL : orange, rose, rouge, rouge orangé;
  plumbocalcite : OC et OL: rouge sombre ;
  strontiocalcite OL et OC: crème, blanc-jaunâtre, rose;
  thinolite ( = pseudomorphose après gaylussite): OL et OC: orange, blanc bleuté;

  
  
  

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•  CARBONATE-FLUORAPATITE Ca₅(PO₄,CO₃)₃F
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW:
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  CATAPLEIITE Na₂ZrSi₃O₉ 2H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  CERUSSITE PbCO₃
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellow
  SW: Yellow
  Comments:

  Variéty chrome cerussite: SW et LW: Yellowish-White, greenish yellow;

  Activator: possibly Ag⁺ (Gorobets)or Pb²⁺ (Gaft), accessory Sm³⁺

  
  
  

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•  CHABAZITE-Ca (Ca_0,5,K,Na)₄[Al₄Si₈O₂₄] 12H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW:
  SW: Green
  Comments:

  Sometimes green fluo due to uranium impurities, sometimes yellow orange or yellowish white. Also pink SW and Blue white LW (Paterson, USA)

  
  
  

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•  CLINOPTILOLITE-Ca (Ca_0,5,Na,K)₆[Al₆Si₃₀O₇₂) 20H₂O
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  CRYOLITE Na₃AlF₆
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW:
  SW: Pink
  Comments:
  
  

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•  DATOLITE Ca₂B₂Si₂O₈(OH)₂
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Pale Yellow
  Comments:
  
  

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•  ELPIDITE Na₂ZrSi₆O₁₅ 3H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish Green
  MW: Yellowish Green
  SW: Yellowish Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  FLUORAPATITE Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
  
  LW: Pale Yellow
  MW: Violet
  SW: Orangy yellow
  Comments:

  Variété MANGANAPATITE: OL et OC: jaune, orange ; Activators: Eu2+, Ce3+, Mn2+, Dy3+, Nd3+, Sm3+ and Sm2+; TR3+ are located in the high symmetry Ca(I) position (Gorobets, Marfunin, Waychunas). Large pics: Mn2+ 569 nm, Mn3+ 583nm (yellow band); Other activator: U: 467, 486, 505, 526, 550 nm (gaft); Blue and violet luminescent colors due to Ce3+ and Eu2+; pink, violet pink, yellow pink: Sm3+, Dy3+; yellow band due to Mn2+ (Marfunin)

   

  The luminescence spectrum of fluorapatite from Panasqueira, Portugal, is characterized by four emission bands 349 nm (bandwidth:,10 nm) (REE possibly Ce3+); 445 nm (40nm)(REE possibly Eu2+); 555 rm (100 nm)(Mn2+ + REE sensitization (co-activator/UV absorber) most probably Ce3+ and Eu2+); 701 nm (50 nm)(Unknown activator). (Source see link to article below)

   

  The diversity of the luminescence in Apatite is created in part by:

  - the ability of the apatite structure to incorporate transition metal, REE and anion impurity activators and co-activators, often in combination;

  - the varying types of associations and formation conditions that promote luminescence activity; and

  - the nature of the structure of the apatite host itself.

   

  This favorable and flexible host structure has not been lost to commercial enterprises, as apatites have long been used as synthetic phosphors in industrial and consumer products. (Apatite Luminescence, Glenn A. Waychunas, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry; January 2002; v. 48)

   

  Ninety-five percent of the phosphorus on Earth belongs to the minerals of the apatite group

   

  Synthetic fluorapatite doped with manganese-II and antimony-V formed the basis for the second generation of fluorescent tube phosphors referred to as halophosphors (before 1942, synthetic Mn-doped willemite was used). When irradiated with 253.7 nm mercury resonance radiation they fluoresced with broad emission which appeared within the range of acceptable whites. The antimony-V acted as the primary activator and produced a broad blue emission. The addition of manganese-II produced a second broad peak to appear at the red end of the emission spectrum at the expense of the antimony peak, excitation energy being transferred from the antimony to the manganese by a non-radiative process and making the emitted light appear less blue and more pink. Replacement of some of the fluoride ions with chloride ions in the lattice caused a general shift of the emission bands to the longer wavelength red end of the spectrum. These alterations allowed phosphors for Warm White, White and Daylight tubes, (with corrected color temperatures of 2900, 4100 and 6500 K respectively), to be made. The amounts of the manganese and antimony activators vary between 0.05 and 0.5 mole percent. Sometimes some of the calcium was substituted with strontium giving narrower emission peaks.

   

  Since about 1990 the third generation TriPhosphors, three separate red, blue and green phosphors activated with rare-earth ions and mixed in proportions to produce the desired color, have largely replaced halophosphors.

  
  
  

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•  FLUORAPOPHYLLITE KCa₄Si₈O₂₀(F,OH) 8H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Blue
  SW: Greenish
  Comments:
  
  

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•  FLUORITE CaF₂
  
  LW: Blue
  MW: Blue
  SW: Blue
  Comments:

  The classical fluorescing mineral but all fluorites are not luminescent under UV !

  
  CHLOROPHANE variety : green thermoluminescence ;

  
  YTTROFLUORITE variety: SW and LW : yellow, yellowish-white (cream);

   

  
  
  

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•  FRANCONITE Na₂Nb₄O₁₁ 9H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GAIDONNAYITE Na₂ZrSi₃O₉ 2H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GAULTITE Na₄[Zn₂Si₇O₁₈] 5H₂O
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Green
  Comments:

  I (Manuel Robbins) reported on a mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire then known only under the temporary designation UK84. It has now been given the name Gaultite. It is a sodium zinc silicate hydrate. As reported in the book (see bibliography), fluorescence is bright green under SW. It was found as small colorless or mauve crystals to 0.05mm in a sodalite cavity at a contact between hornfels and sodalite syenite. (citation of Manuel Robbins)

  
  
  

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•  GENTHELVITE Zn₄Be₃(SiO₄)₃S
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Pink
  SW: Green
  Comments:

  Discovered in Sterling (Franklin, NJ, USA) in 2002 in the Passaic Pit as tiny green fluorescing spots in amphibole.

  Mt St Hilaire helvite can be reliably distinguished from genthelvite via its UV response (deep red vs green  (Horvath et al Min Rec 1990 etc.)

  
  
  

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•  GIBBSITE gamma Al(OH)₃
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GJERDINGENITE-Na [np+] (K,Na)2 Na (Nb,Ti)4 (Si4 O12)2 (OH,O)4 5H2 O
  
  LW: Not fluorescent
  MW: Dark Orange /Tawn
  SW: Orange
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GOBBINSITE Na5 [Al5 Si11 O32] 12H2 O
  
  LW: Not fluorescent
  MW: Not fluorescent
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GONNARDITE (Na,Ca)_6-8[(Al,Si)₂₀O₄₀] 12H₂O
  
  LW: Pinkish White
  MW: Pinkish White
  SW: Pinkish White
  Comments:

  See / Voir tetranatrolite

  
  
  

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•  GOTZENITE Na₄Ca₁₀Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₄F₈
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Orange
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GRICEITE LiF
  
  LW: Pale Yellow
  MW: Pale Yellow
  SW: Pale Yellow
  Comments:
  
  

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•  GROSSULAR Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
  
  LW: Red
  MW: Red
  SW: Red
  Comments:

  Grossular garnet from Lake Jaco, Chihuahua Mexico, may be found as dark cherry red crystals, with vesuvianite.

  Under either MW or a filtered high pressure UV source, these garnets fluoresce brilliantly in a pure red.

   

  Mont-Saint-Hilaire: grossular OH-bearing (hibschite)

   

  
  
  

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•  GYPSUM CaSO₄ 2H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW:
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:

  Syn: selenite;
  Sometimes presents a hourglass fluorescing figure in the center of monocrystals first observed in crystals from Wiesloch (Germany) in 1927 by H. Himmel but is now known from many other localities with occurrences of gypsum crystals in clay beds. (Himmel, H.(1927): Gips von Wiesloch(Baden). Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Abt. A (1927), 342-349)

  
  
  

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•  hackmanite
  
  LW: Orange
  MW: Orange
  SW: Orangy yellow
  Comments:

  A sulfide rich sodalite and should not be regarded as a separate species.

  
  
  

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•  HELVITE Mn₄⁺²Be₃(SiO₄)₃S
  
  LW: Red
  MW: Red
  SW: Red
  Comments:

  Mt St Hilaire helvite can be reliably distinguished from genthelvite via its UV response (deep red vs green - Horvath et al Min Rec 1990 etc.). 

  
  
  

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•  HEMIMORPHITE Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Blue
  Comments:
  
  

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•  HIBSCHITE Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)_3-x(OH)_4x (x=0,2-1,5)
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Orange
  Comments:
  
  

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•  HILAIRITE Na₂ZrSi₃O₉ 3H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  HIORTDAHLITE-I Ca₈(Na,Ca)₄Zr₂(Y,Ti,Ca,Mn,Fe)₂(Si₂O₇)₄(F,O)₈
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Yellow
  Comments:
  
  

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•  HYDROZINCITE Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
  
  LW: Orange
  MW:
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:

  Beautiful effect when in association with red fluorescing calcite;

  
  
  

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•  KELDYSHITE Na_2-xH_xZrSi₂O₇ nH₂O
  
  LW: Yellow
  MW:
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:

  voir aussi parakeldyshite. Blue luminescence due to TiO₆ (Gaft)

  
  
  

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•  KOGARKOITE Na₃(SO₄)F
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW:
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  LALONDEITE [np+] (Na,Ca)₆(Ca,Na)₃Si₁₆O₃₈(F,OH)₂ 3H₂O
  
  LW:
  MW: Violet blue
  SW: Violet blue
  Comments:

  Associated with microcline, clinoamphibole and narsarssukite.

  
  
  

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•  LEIFITE (Na, H₂O)Na₆[Be₂Al₃Si₁₅O₃₉F₂]
  
  LW: Orangy yellow
  MW:
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  LEUCOPHANITE (Ca,RRE)CaNa₂Be₂Si₄O₁₂(F,O)₂
  
  LW: Violet Pink
  MW: Violet Pink
  SW: Pink
  Comments:

  To compare with meliphanite.

  
  
  

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•  LEUCOSPHENITE BaNa₄Ti₂B₂Si₁₀O₃₀
  
  LW:
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  LINTISITE Na₃LiTi₂Si₄O₁₄ 2H₂O
  
  LW: Not fluorescent
  MW: Not fluorescent
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  LORENZENITE Na₂Ti₂Si₂O₉
  
  LW: Greenish white
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  MAGADIITE NaSi₇O₁₃(OH)₃ 4H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  MAKATITE Na₂Si₄O₈(OH)₂ 4H₂O
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:

  In Mt-St-Hilaire, Pectolite could be confused with Makatite. The major distinguishing feature is the fluorescence. While not all makatite fluoreseces, when it does it is moderate to strong blueish white or very pale greenish SW (and sometimes LW as well). This specimen fluoresces a weak pinkish LW – typical of MSH pectolite. (see http://www.mindat.org/photo-449516.html in bibliography).

  
  
  

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•  MEIONITE 3CaAl₂Si₂O₈CaCO₃
  
  LW: Yellow
  MW: Orangy yellow
  SW: Yellow
  Comments:

  SCAPOLITE Group see also MARIALITE and WERNERITE
  Mizzonite = variety of MEIONITE (intermediate with MARIALITE and MEIONITE but with predominantly the last one.

  
  
  

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•  MICHEELSENITE (Ca,Y)₃Al[PO₃ OH,CO₃](CO₃)(OH)₆ 12H₂O
  
  LW: Not fluorescent
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  MICROCLINE KAlSi₃O₈
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Blue
  SW: Red
  Comments:

  Green colored amazonite from Zinkgruvan Mines, Zinkgruvan, Askersund, Närke, Sweden, develop and enhance her green color in sunlight. Newly collected they are grey or only slightly green.

  
  
  

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•  MILARITE KCa₂AlBe₂Si₁₂O₃₀ 0,5H₂O
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  MONTEREGIANITE-(Y) (Na,K)₆(Y,Ca)₂Si₁₆O₃₈ 10H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  NATROLITE Na₂[Al₂Si₃O₁₀] 2H₂O
  
  LW: Greenish white
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  NENADKEVICHITE Na_8-xNb₄(Si₄O₁₂)₂(O,OH)₄ 8H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:

  White coating on the pinacoidal faces of the nenadkevichite from Mont St Hilaire fluoresces sometime green under SW, MW and LW.

  
  
  

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•  PARAKELDYSHITE Na₂ZrSi₂O₇
  
  LW: Orangy yellow
  MW:
  SW: White
  Comments:

  See KELDYSHITE.

  
  
  

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•  PECTOLITE NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Pink
  SW: Orange
  Comments:

  Luminescence of pectolite was noted in 1903 by Kunz and Baskerville.

  In Mt-St-Hilaire, Pectolite could be confused with Makatite. The major distinguishing feature is the fluorescence. While not all makatite fluoresces, when it does it is moderate to strong blueish white or very pale greenish SW (and sometimes LW as well) and pectolite is fluorescing in pink or orange.

  
  
  

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•  POLYLITHIONITE-1M KLi₂AlSi₄O₁₀F₂
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:

  At Mt St Hilaire, the tainiolite in marble xenoliths can look similar to polylithionite but it does not fluoresce.

  
  
  

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•  POWELLITE CaMoO₄
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW:
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:

  The tungstates of calcium, strontium, magnesium and zinc, and the molybdates of calcium are known to show luminescence upon excitation by cathode rays or short-wave ultra-violet radiation. It is commonly assumed that this luminescence is characteristic of the tungstate and molybdate groups. The reason why other tungstates and molybdates are found to be non-luminescent is probably the temperature-quenching (see Nature article by F.  A. Kröger in 1947 in the bibliography).

  
  
  

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•  QUARTZ SiO₂
  
  LW: Yellow
  MW: Yellow
  SW: Yellow
  Comments:
  
  

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•  REMONDITE-(Ce) Na₃(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Sr)₃(CO₃)₅
  
  LW: Red
  MW:
  SW: Red
  Comments:

  Specimen not analyzed. should be strictly speaking labeled burbankite group (in the sense of Horvath – Lapis, Rivista 2000). Other possibilities for not analysed remondite(Ce) from MSH are petersenite-(Ce) and calcioburbankite. (Burbankite proper is not found in pegmatites.) ( Modris Baum on mindat)

   

  Prismatic crystals of Remondite-(Ce) are slightly greenish and are apatite-like under lamp lighting. At day light they are slightly pinkish. This is typical scheme of dichroism for minerals, containing Ce3+ ion in absence of other chromophores. (Pavel Kartashov on mindat)

  The remondite-(Ce) has strong REE absorption lines in the red/orange which helps distinguish it from elpidite found in the same environment. The lines are actually due to Nd – an indirect indicator for Ce.

  Sometimes, well-formed xls are similar to (calcio)burbankite in form. ( Modris Baum on mindat)

  
  
  

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•  REVDITE Na₁₆[Si₄O₆(OH)₅]₂[Si₈O₁₅(OH)₆](OH)₁₀ 28H₂O
  
  LW: Blue
  MW:
  SW:
  Comments:

  Found with Natron and villiaumite, bandwave not specified.

  
  
  

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•  SABINAITE Na₄Zr₂TiO₄(CO₃)₄
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  SANIDINE (K,Na)(Si,Al)₄O₈
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Pink
  Comments:
  
  

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•  SEARLESITE NaBSi₂O₅(OH)₂
  
  LW: Orange
  MW:
  SW: Greenish white
  Comments:
  
  

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•  SHELDRICKITE Na Ca3 (CO3)2 F3 H2 O
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  SODALITE Na₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄Cl₂
  
  LW: Orange
  MW:
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:

  HACKMANITE : strongly tenebrescent variety of sodalite

   

  
  From Mont Saint-Hillaire, certain sodalite fluoresces yellow. The response is seen under SW and MW, weaker under LW. Build-up is slow but becomes bright.

   

  Yooperlite: tradename of syenite clasts containing fluorescent sodalite found in 2018 by Erik Rintamaki, a mineral dealer, on the beaches of Lake Superior, Michigan, USA (see Yooperlite).

  
  
  

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•  SPHALERITE (Zn,Fe)S
  
  LW: Orange
  MW: Orange
  SW: Orange
  Comments:

  synonyme: blende ; brunckite = colloïdal sphalerite  ;

  variety cleiophane: orange SW and LW;

  
  
  

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•  STEEDEITE NaMn₂[Si₃BO₉](OH)₂
  
  LW:
  MW: Green
  SW:
  Comments:
  
  

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•  STRONTIANITE SrCO₃
  
  LW: Bluish White
  MW: Bluish White
  SW: Bluish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  TERSKITE Na₄ZrSi₆O₁₅(OH)₂ H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:
  
  

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•  tetranatrolite
  
  LW: Pink
  MW:
  SW: Pink
  Comments:
  
  

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•  THAUMASITE Ca₆Si₂(CO₃)₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₂ 24H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  THORNASITE Na₁₂Th₃[Si₈O₁₉]₄ 18H₂O
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:

  Former UK-27 of Mont St Hilaire.

  
  
  

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•  TUGTUPITE Na₄AlBeSi₄O₁₂Cl
  
  LW: Orange
  MW: Pinkish White
  SW: Orange Red
  Comments:
  
  

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•  VILLIAUMITE NaF
  
  LW: Red
  MW: Orange Red
  SW: Red
  Comments:
  
  

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•  VINOGRADOVITE Na₈Ti₈O₈(Si₂O₆)₄[(Si₃Al)O₁₀]2 [(H₂O),(Na,K)₂]
  
  LW:
  MW:
  SW: Yellowish
  Comments:
  
  

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•  VUONNEMITE Na₁₁Ti⁺⁴Nb₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₂O₃(F,OH)
  
  LW: Greenish white
  MW: Pale Yellow
  SW: Greenish Yellow
  Comments:

  Russian scientist suppose Ti³⁺ responsible for yellow luminescence and Ti⁴⁺ for green luminescence;

  
  
  

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•  WILLEMITE Zn₂SiO₄
  
  LW: Green
  MW: Green
  SW: Green
  Comments:

  Willemite was first recognized in New Jersey in 1822, although it had evidently been mined there for many years before. It was then known as silicious oxide of zinc. The name willemite was applied by A. Lévy in 1880 to what afterwards proved to be the same mineral. His material was found in the Netherlands, and was named after Willem I (William I )(1772-1844), King of the Netherlands. It came from the small (less than 1,400 acres) neutral state of Moresnet situated between Prussia and Belgium (though the present kingdom of Belgium was not founded until that year--1830). Under the Treaty of Versailles (1919) it is now in Belgium. In this connexion it is interesting to recall that the name belgite has been suggested for this mineral. R. Panebianco, writing in esperanto in 1916, objected to naming minerals after kings, preferring a name derived from the locality. He, however, overlooked the fact that the locality was not, at that time, in Belgium !

  From: South African occurrences of willemite. Fluorescence of willemite and some other zinc minerals in ultra-violet rays. By L. J. Spencer, Keeper of Minerals in the British Museum (Natural History). 1927

   

  The occurrenee of willemite at Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia was first recorded by Prof. H. Buttgenbach in 1919 (H. Buttgenbach. La calamine des ossements fossiles de Broken-Hill, (Rhodésie). Ann. Soc. Géol. Relgique, 1919 vol. 42)

   

  Troostite : willémite containing manganese ;
  Beta-willemite nom erroné appliqué a une variété trouvée à Franklin-Sterling Hill et fluorescente en jaune ;
  Certains échantillons de Brandtite fluorescents en vert OC devraient leur fluorescence à la willemite associée ;

   

  Prior to the development of halophosphor in 1942, the first generation of phosphor used in fluorescent tube was  synthetic willemite activated with manganese-II. 

  
  
  

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•  WOHLERITE Na₄Ca₈(Zr,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₄₍O,OH,F)₈
  
  LW: Orange Red
  MW:
  SW: Red
  Comments:
  
  

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•  WOLLASTONITE-1A CaSiO₃
  
  LW: Yellow
  MW: Orangy yellow
  SW: Orangy yellow
  Comments:

  From the White Knob quarry in the San Berardino Mts. CA, remarkable examples of orange or yellow-orange fluorescing wollastonite SW in blocky sections with orange-red fl. calcite SW and also red-fluorescing feldspar (species unidentified) of unusually high brightness. Information and help from Howard Brown and Lyman Hayes. Activator: Mn with Pb as coactivator?? Activator: probably Mn2+ substituting to Ca2+; also Fe3+ and Cr3+ found (Gaft).

  In Jakobsberg, Sweden, wolastonite and margarosanite replace barysilite (see picture by Kjell Gatedal in bibliography )

  
  
  

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•  WURTZITE-4H ZnS
  
  LW: Orange
  MW:
  SW:
  Comments:

  Synthetic wurtzite has been studied and user as a commercial phosphor.

  
  
  

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•  ZEOPHYLLITE Ca₄(Si₃O₈)(OH,F)₄ 2H₂O
  
  LW: Yellowish White
  MW: Yellowish White
  SW: Yellowish White
  Comments:
  
  

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•  ZIRCON ZrSiO₄
  
  LW: Pale Yellow
  MW: Orangy yellow
  SW: Orangy yellow
  Comments:

  Variété alvite (contenant du Hf, Th et des terres rares: OC et LW: vert; SW: Rouge-orangé;
  Variété cyrtolite (zircon partiellement métamicte contenant U et souvent Th et des terres rares: OC: jaune;
  variété malacon (zircon très métamicte, souvent brun: OL: orange; 
  Zircon is ometimes thermoluminescent
  
  

  
  
  

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