Lijst van fluorescerende mineralen

hackmanite

Scheikundige formule:Zie SODALITE

Familie: Silicaten

Status: NON APPR

Kristal Systeem: Cubisch

Mineraal om tentoon te stellen: Ja

Fluorescentie:

Daglicht foto

hackmanite,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author

Lange golf foto (365nm)

hackmanite under UVLW,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author

Foto galerij:

     Naar de volledige galerij (22 beelden in totaal)

Fosforescentie (in de algemene betekenis) zien met het blote oog:

Tenebrescencie: Ja

Thermoluminescencie: Ja

Commentaar:

A sulfide rich sodalite and should not be regarded as a separate species.

Activator en spectrum:

Voornaamste Activator: S₂^-

Pieks in het spectrum (nm):

S₂^-  : (566),(610), 625, 647, 664, (695), (723), (751nm)

  Vers la galerie de spectres (1 spectres au total)

Commentaar over activators en spectra:

O. Ivan Lee investigated what he calls the reversible photosensitivity of hackmanite from Bancroft (Ontario) and his response to different UV sources as early as 1936. He presented the phenomenon for the 50th Anniversary Celebration Banquet of the New York Mineralogical Club, in November 18, 1936 at the American Museum of Natural History. It seems that it was the first observation and the first public announcement and publication (American Mineralogist vol 21) about photochromism (tenebrescence) in mineralogy.

Chemical analyses revealed that the mineral contains a certain amount of sulfur as a substitute for chlorine in the crystal structure. The FTIR spectra of hackmanite showed that the samples contain water. The stretching vibration peak of water of crystallization (H₂O) occurs at 3438 cm^-1 and the bending peak is at 1623 cm^-1. Its tenebrescence is caused by hole color centers which are contributed to the presence of sulfur (S₂^-)) and to some negatively charged chlorine atoms being missing in the crystal structure of hackmanite. (source: http://www.geology.com.cn/Geology-Journals/article-35765.html)

Crystals of Hackmanite of Koksha Valley in Afghanistan are usually found in a matrix constituted by non-fluorescing Winchite and/or marble.

Synthetic sodalites containing sulfur and showing considerable photochromic activity have been investigated by ESR. The center responsible for the color has been shown to be an electron trapped at a chlorine vacancy. The origin of the electron which is reversibly transferred during the processes of coloration and bleaching is believed to be the ion S₂^-). (see William G. Hodgson, Jacob S. Brinen, and Emil F. Williams, Electron Spin Resonance Investigation of Photochromic Sodalites, The Journal of Chemical Physics 47, 3719 , 1967)

Beste vindplaats voor fluorescentie(*):

• The Ilímaussaq Complex, Greenland;
• Svintsovyi Ruchei (Lead Creek), Kukisvumchorr Mt, Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast, Northern Region, Russia;
• Tawa valley, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast, Northern Region, Russia (type locality);
• Davis Quarry, Dungannon Township, Bancroft District, Hastings Co., Ontario, Canada;
• Poudrette quarry (or Demix or Uni-Mix or Desourdy quarry), Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada;
• Princess Sodalite quarry and Cancrinite Hill, Bancroft, Canada;
• Ladjuar Medam, Sar e Sang, Koksha Valley, Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan;
• Kiran, Koksha Valley, Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan
• Pein-Pyit, Mogok Township, Pyin-Oo-Lwin District, Mandalay Division, Burma (fluo+strong tenebrescence);
• Saga I Quarry Morje Porsgrunn, Sagasen Quarry and Ostskogen Quarry in Tvedalen, Langesundfjord, Larvik Plutonic Complex, Norway;
• Cancrinite Hill, Dungannon Township, Hastings Co., Ontario, Canada (dark blue sodalite dull red fluorescing with yellow cancrinite);
• Tashmarine (diopside) mine, Tien Shan Mountains, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China;

(*)Gegevens zijn niet exhaustieve, ze zijn beperkt tot de meest belangrijke plaatsen voor fluorescentie

Referentie voor fluorescentie:

• The Henkel Glossary of Fluorescent Minerals, Dr. Gerhard Henkel, Published by the FMS, 1989 ,
• Fluorescence: Gems and Minerals Under Ultraviolet Light, Manuel Robbins, 1994, Geoscience Press, ISBN 0-945005-13-X ,
• The World of Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7643-2544-2 ,
• Ultraviolet Light and Fluorescent Minerals, Th. Warren, S. Gleason, R. Bostwick, et E. Verbeek, 1995, ISBN 0-9635098-0-2 ,
• Minershop.com ,
• Luminescenza nel regno minerale, Guido Mazzoleni, fotografia Roberto Appiani, Libri Sandit, 2010, ISBN 978-88-95990-63-7 ,
• Handbook of Fluorescent Gems and Minerals, a practical guide for the gem and mineral collector, Jack de Ment, 1949 ,

Referentie voor luminenscentie op het internet:

• Hackmanite as a gemstone
• Poudrette Quarry, Mont St Hilaire, Canada (Mindat.org)
• The Langesundsfjord: history, geology, pegmatites, minerals, Alf Olav Larsen, Bode Verlag Gmbh, 2010 ISBN 978-3-925094-97-2
• Video "Tenebrescence of a Hackmanite cabochon"
• http://rruff.info/uploads/CM21_549.pdf
• A New Property of Matter: Reversible Photosensitivity in Hackmanite from Bancroft, Ontario, O. Ivan Lee, Am. Min, vol 21, 1936
• http://www.geology.com.cn/Geology-Journals/article-35765.html
• https://www.academia.edu/21548029/Laser-induced_time-resolved_luminescence_of_tugtupite_sodalite_and_hackmanite
• Fotochromisme en fluorescentie in sodaliet, variëteit hackmaniet, Geonieuws (MKA) Juni 2010
• MONT-SAINT-HILAIRE, History, Geology, Mineralogy, Laszlo HORVATH, The Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication 14, 2019

 

Images:

 

• Koksha Valley, Afghanistan: http://www.mindat.org/photo-345828.html
• Ontario, Canada: http://www.mindat.org/photo-75890.html

 

Video:

 

• Ténébrescence hackmanite & tugtupite : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stDh8GDkEYc 
• Ténébrescence Hackmanite Mogok : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9B7Omm0nmk
• Ténébrescence hackmanite : https://www.instagram.com/p/BMAb0UWD0nn

Mineralogische Referentie op het internet:

  http://www.mindat.org/show.php?name=Hackmanite

  http://webmineral.com/data/Hackmanite.shtml

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