Scheikundige formule:Zie SODALITE
Familie: Silicaten
Status: NON APPR
Kristal Systeem: Cubisch
Mineraal om tentoon te stellen: Ja
UV Type | Kleur | Intensiteit | Frequentie van de observatie |
---|---|---|---|
Lange Golven (365nm): | Oranje | Sterk | Altijd | Midden Golven (320 nm): | Oranje | Korte Golven(254 nm): | Oranje geel | Middelmatig | Dikwijls |
Andere kleuren lange golven: | Oranje geel , Oranje rood (Zalmkleurig) , | ||
Andere kleuren Midden golven: | Oranje geel , | ||
Andere kleuren korte golven: | Blauw wit , Gelig wit , Oranje geel , Oranje , Geelachtig , |
Daglicht foto
hackmanite,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author
Lange golf foto (365nm)
hackmanite under UVLW,
Photo and Copyright: James Hamblen
Site of the author
Used with permission of the author
Foto galerij:
...Naar de volledige galerij (22 beelden in totaal)
UV Type | Kleur | Intensity | Observation Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Lange golven(365nm): | Blauw wit | Middelmatig | Midden Golven (320 nm): | Blauw wit | Zeer sterk | Korte golven (254 nm): | Blauw wit | Zeer sterk |
Tenebrescencie: Ja
hackmanite, up after and down before exposition to SW (tenebrescence);
Koksha Valley, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan;
;
Col. G.Barmarin; Photo: G. Barmarin
Thermoluminescencie: Ja
A sulfide rich sodalite and should not be regarded as a separate species.
Voornaamste Activator: S2-
Pieks in het spectrum (nm):
S2- : (566),(610), 625, 647, 664, (695), (723), (751nm)
Col. G. Barmarin; Spectre: G. Barmarin
Vers la galerie de spectres (1 spectres au total)
O. Ivan Lee investigated what he calls the reversible photosensitivity of hackmanite from Bancroft (Ontario) and his response to different UV sources as early as 1936. He presented the phenomenon for the 50th Anniversary Celebration Banquet of the New York Mineralogical Club, in November 18, 1936 at the American Museum of Natural History. It seems that it was the first observation and the first public announcement and publication (American Mineralogist vol 21) about photochromism (tenebrescence) in mineralogy. Chemical analyses revealed that the mineral contains a certain amount of sulfur as a substitute for chlorine in the crystal structure. The FTIR spectra of hackmanite showed that the samples contain water. The stretching vibration peak of water of crystallization (H2O) occurs at 3438 cm-1 and the bending peak is at 1623 cm-1. Its tenebrescence is caused by hole color centers which are contributed to the presence of sulfur (S2-)) and to some negatively charged chlorine atoms being missing in the crystal structure of hackmanite. (source: http://www.geology.com.cn/Geology-Journals/article-35765.html) Crystals of Hackmanite of Koksha Valley in Afghanistan are usually found in a matrix constituted by non-fluorescing Winchite and/or marble. Synthetic sodalites containing sulfur and showing considerable photochromic activity have been investigated by ESR. The center responsible for the color has been shown to be an electron trapped at a chlorine vacancy. The origin of the electron which is reversibly transferred during the processes of coloration and bleaching is believed to be the ion S2-). (see William G. Hodgson, Jacob S. Brinen, and Emil F. Williams, Electron Spin Resonance Investigation of Photochromic Sodalites, The Journal of Chemical Physics 47, 3719 , 1967)
(*)Gegevens zijn niet exhaustieve, ze zijn beperkt tot de meest belangrijke plaatsen voor fluorescentie
Images:
Video:
http://www.mindat.org/show.php?name=Hackmanite
http://webmineral.com/data/Hackmanite.shtml
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