FLUORITE
Scheikundige formule: CaF2
Familie: Halogeniden
Status: IMA-GP
Kristal Systeem: Cubisch
Mineraal om tentoon te stellen: Ja
Fluorescerende variëteiten:
chlorophane, yttrofluorite, yttrocerite, Tiffany stone, fluoriet,
Fluorescentie:
UV Type |
Kleur |
Intensiteit |
Frequentie van de observatie |
Lange Golven (365nm): | Blauw | Zeer sterk | Dikwijls |
Midden Golven (320 nm): | Blauw | Middelmatig | Soms | Korte Golven(254 nm): | Blauw | Middelmatig | Soms | | | | |
Andere kleuren lange golven: | Blauw wit , Gelig wit , Bleek geel , Geel , Bruin , Rood , Violet roos , Groen , Groenachtig , Violet , Groen wit , Violet blauw , Geelachtig , |
Andere kleuren Midden golven: | Groen , |
Andere kleuren korte golven: | Witte , Blauw wit , Gelig wit , Bleek geel , Geel , Bruin , Rood , Groen , Groenachtig , Blauw groen , Violet , Groen wit , Violet blauw , Geelachtig , |
Daglicht foto
FLUORITE;
Blue Circle Cement Quarry, Eastgate, Weardale, North Pennines, County Durham, England, UK
Photo and Copyright:
Middleearthminerals.com
Used with permission of the author
Lange golf foto (365nm)
FLUORITE;
Blue Circle Cement Quarry, Eastgate, Weardale, North Pennines, County Durham, England, UK
UVLW, Photo and Copyright:
Middleearthminerals.com
Used with permission of the author
Foto galerij:
...
Naar de volledige galerij (30 beelden in totaal)
Fosforescentie (in de algemene betekenis) zien met het blote oog:
UV Type |
Kleur |
Intensity |
Observation Frequency |
Lange golven(365nm): | Groen wit | Sterk | Zelden |
Midden Golven (320 nm): | Groen wit | | | Korte golven (254 nm): | Groen wit | | |
Triboluminescencie: Ja
Thermoluminescencie: Ja
Commentaar:
The classical fluorescing mineral but all fluorites are not luminescent under UV !
CHLOROPHANE variety : green thermoluminescence ;
YTTROFLUORITE variety: SW and LW : yellow, yellowish-white (cream);
Activator en spectrum:
Voornaamste Activator: Eu2+
Andere activatoren: Onzuiverheden organisch materiaal , Sm2+ , Ce3+ , Sm3+ , Eu3+ , Dy3+ , Ho3+ , Er3+ , Tb3+ , Pr3+ , Nd3+ , Yb3+ , Tm3+ ,
Pieks in het spectrum (nm):
Eu2+ repl. Ca2+: 423-425nm (associated with deep blue-violet fluorescence)
Sm2+ repl. Ca2+: 708, 733nm
Yb2+ repl. Ca2+: 550nm
Dy3+:468, 478, 575, 654, 658, 663, 671, 685nm
Tb3+:482, 484, 486, 492, 539, 543, 544, 546, 583, 588nm
Er3+:519, 522, 528, 551, 554nm
Sm3+:561nm
Eu3+: 574, 595, 618, 622, 700nm
Nd3+: 920nm
M-center(2F+Na+): large pic at 720-745 nm
MA center charge stabilized by O2−–F− : 690 nm
MA center charge stabilized by Na+–Ca2+ : 750nm
Spectrum: Michael Gaft, Petah Tikva, Israel. Plot: Institute of Mineralogy, University of Vienna, Austria, with permission of the authors.
...
Vers la galerie de spectres (18 spectres au total)
Commentaar over activators en spectra:
Violet fluo associated with Eu2+ (420-423 nm) with peaks at 320 and 340nm (Ce3+), decay time of Eu2+ is 600–800 ns
yellow fluo associated with Dy3+;
M-center: large pic at 720 nm;
Lifetime: 2μs ( @420nm);
λex = 415 nm is most suitable for measuring the Ho3+ emission beside the Er3+.
Fluorite was one of the first mineral substances being investigated by George G. Stokes in 1852, hence the name fluorescence given at the phenomenon.
Fluorite is a reservoir for many of the rare earth elements. As early as 1881, it was pointed out that Cerium was present in fluorite.
In 1906, Urbain studied the cathodoluminescence of fluorite and ascribed the cause of fluorescence to RRE (Yttrium, praeseodymium, samarium, dysprosium, europium, terbium and also gadolinium and Ytterbium in chlorophane); Morse (1907), Tanaka (1924), Nichols (1928) and F. G. Wick also investigated the cause of luminescence of fluorite.
The fusion of fluorescent fluorite (1100-1200°C) changes the spectrum markedly. Often the blue luminescence spectrum is changed to a more orange-red, showing sharp lines typical of RRE.
De Ment makes 2 groups in the luminescent fluorites:
group 1: single band in the UV at 300nm and 3 bands in the visible at 475, 508 and 578nm
group 2: two bands in UV at 280 and 300nm and strong peaks at 475, 510, 536, 548 and 578nm in the visible.
Radiation induced MA centers’ charge stabilized by Na+–Ca2+ is responsible of emission at 750nm and O2−–F− at 690 nm) (Tarashchan 1978, Gaft and Al. 2020).
Beste vindplaats voor fluorescentie(*):
- Rogerley Mine, Weardale, County Durham, England;
- Alston Moore, England;
- Dalnegorsk, Primorskiy Kray, Russia;
- Seilles, Andenne, Prov. de Namur, Belgium (LW fluo red);
- Hunza Valley, Gilgit District, Pakistan;
- Braldu Valley, Skardu District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan (green SW+LW+Phospho);
- Yuno, Shigar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan (green SW with fluorapatite in quartz and microcline);
- Mapimi, Durango, Mexico (SW dull red, LW red);
- Hammam-Zriba Mine, Zriba-Village, Zaghouan Governorate, Tunisia (buish-white LW);
- Rosiclare, Illinois, USA;
- Clay Center, Ohio, USA (yellow-white LW + phosphorescence);
- Yuma County, Arizona, USA;
- Fourmile Creek Area, Fremont Co., Colorado, USA (LW blue + SW & MW green)
- Berta Mine, El Papiol, Barcelona, Spain;
- Villabona Mine, Llanera, Asturias, Spain;
- Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field, Linwu Co., Chenzhou, Hunan, China (blue + red fluo LW);
- Sanming, Fujian, China (blue LW with temporary red fluorescence disappearing after a few seconds);
- Morocco (temporary LW red fluorescence disappearing after a few seconds);
- Aouli, Upper Moulouya mining district, Midelt Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco (yellow cubes SW white, LW blue)
(*)Gegevens zijn niet exhaustieve, ze zijn beperkt tot de meest belangrijke plaatsen voor fluorescentie
Referentie voor fluorescentie:
- The Henkel Glossary of Fluorescent Minerals, Dr. Gerhard Henkel, Published by the FMS, 1989 ,
- Fluorescence: Gems and Minerals Under Ultraviolet Light, Manuel Robbins, 1994, Geoscience Press, ISBN 0-945005-13-X ,
- The World of Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-7643-2544-2 ,
- Luminescence Spectroscopy of Minerals and Materials, M. Gaft, R. Reisfeld, G. Panczer, Springer Editor, ISBN: 10 3-540-21918-8 ,
- Luminescent Spectra of Minerals, Boris S. Gorobets and Alexandre A. Rogojine, Moscow, 2002 ,
- Ultraviolet Light and Fluorescent Minerals, Th. Warren, S. Gleason, R. Bostwick, et E. Verbeek, 1995, ISBN 0-9635098-0-2 ,
- Franklin Website: http://franklin-sterlinghill.com ,
- Luminescenza nel regno minerale, Guido Mazzoleni, fotografia Roberto Appiani, Libri Sandit, 2010, ISBN 978-88-95990-63-7 ,
- Handbook of mineralogy, John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, and Monte C. Nichols, and published by Mineral Da ,
- The Langesundfjord, history, geology, pegmatites, minerals, Bode Edition, 2010, ISBN 978-3-925094-97-2 ,
- Handbook of Fluorescent Gems and Minerals, a practical guide for the gem and mineral collector, Jack de Ment, 1949 ,
Referentie voor luminenscentie op het internet:
- The Langesundsfjord: history, geology, pegmatites, minerals, Alf Olav Larsen, Bode Verlag Gmbh, 2010 ISBN 978-3-925094-97-2.
- Luminescence properties of Ce3+ and Eu2+ in fluorites and apatites Sabina Bodyl, Mineralogia, 40, No. 1–4: 85–94 (2009)
- Thermoluminescence of Fluorite and Age of Deposition, Frank N. Blanchard, The American Mineralogist, Vol. 51, March-April, 1966
- Luminescence from natural fluorite crystals, Calderon T. , Khanlary M.-R. , Rendell H. M. , Towsend P. D., International journal of radiation applications and instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear tracks and measurements, 1992, vol. 20, no3, pp. 475-485
- Luminescence properties of rare earth ions in fluorite, apatite and scheelite minerals, M. Czaja, S. Bodył, P. Głuchowski, Z. Mazurak and W. Strek, Journal of Alloys and Compounds Volume 451, Issues 1-2, 28 February 2008, Pages 290-292
- The luminescence properties of rare-earth ions in natural fluorite, M. Czaja, S. Bodył-Gajowska, R. Lisiecki, A. Meijerink, Z. Mazurak
- Steady-state Luminescence for qualitative identification of rare-earth ions in minerals, M. Czaja, S. Bodył-Gajowska, Z. Mazurak, 2013, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Science
- https://www.mindat.org/article.php/2789/Photoluminescent+Properties+of+the+Fluorites+from+Walworth%2C+New+York
- https://www.mindat.org/article.php/2786/An+Interesting+Fluorite+Occurrence+in+the+Limestone+Capital+of+the+World
- Fourmile Creek Area, Co, USA;
- MONT-SAINT-HILAIRE, History, Geology, Mineralogy, Laszlo HORVATH, The Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication 14, 2019
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345143472_Red_photoluminescence_and_purple_color_of_naturally_irradiated_fluorite
Images:
- Braldu Valley, Skardu District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan (LW+SW+Phospho): https://www.mindat.org/photo-954531.html
- Yuno, Shigar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan (green SW with fluorapatite in quartz and microcline): https://www.mindat.org/photo-629252.html
- Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field, Hunan, China: https://www.mindat.org/photo-933551.html & https://www.mindat.org/photo-933552.html
- Sanming, China (blue LW with temporary red fluorescence disappearing after a few seconds): https://www.mindat.org/photo-932814.html
- Thermoluminescence (Colorado, USA): http://www.mindat.org/photo-291222.html
- Aouli, Morocco: https://www.mindat.org/photo-889701.html
Videos:
Mineralogische Referentie op het internet:
http://www.mindat.org/show.php?name=Fluorite
http://webmineral.com/data/Fluorite.shtml
Onderzoek op Internet:
Beelden op 'Google Image'
Dokumenten in het Nederlands op Google
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Onderzoek op Wikipédia
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