Scheikundige formule: BaTiSi3O9
Familie: Silicaten
Status: IMA-GP
Kristal Systeem: Hexagonal
Mineraal om tentoon te stellen: Ja
UV Type | Kleur | Intensiteit | Frequentie van de observatie |
---|---|---|---|
Lange Golven (365nm): | Rood | Zwak | Zelden | Korte Golven(254 nm): | Blauw wit | Zeer sterk | Altijd |
Daglicht foto
BENITOITE;
Photo and Copyright: G. Barmarin
Lange golf foto (365nm)
BENITOITE, UVLW ;
Photo and Copyright: G. Barmarin
Korte golf foto (254nm)
BENITOITE, UVSW ;
Photo and Copyright: G. Barmarin
Foto galerij:
...Naar de volledige galerij (20 beelden in totaal)
UV Type | Kleur | Intensity | Observation Frequency |
---|---|---|---|
Lange golven(365nm): | Geen waarneming met het blote | Korte golven (254 nm): | Geen waarneming met het blote |
Voornaamste Activator: TiO6
Andere activatoren: Cr3+ , Fe3+ , Ti3+ , Ti4+ , Cu+ , Mn4+ , Ti - O ,
Pieks in het spectrum (nm):
TiO6 : broad band at 419nm
Ti3+ : broad band around 650-660nm with half-width of +/-135nm
Cr3+ : peak at 680nm
Mn4+ : large band at 720nm
Cu+? replacing Ba2+ and Ti3+? (exc 337nm:(Gorobets)): 720nm
450nm (exc 254nm)
Spectrum: Michael Gaft, Petah Tikva, Israel. Plot: Institute of Mineralogy, University of Vienna, Austria, with permission of the authors.
Vers la galerie de spectres (2 spectres au total)
Robbins cites Fe as activator for the red color and Ti for the blue; recent spectrographic studies give new data: Decay time shortening and thermal quenching are connected with nonradiative decay within the TiO6 luminescence center, while energy migration does not take place at least up to room temperature.
There are three broadbands:
- one around 419 nm (blue band) is connected with intrinsic luminescence centers, namely isolated TiO6 octahedra,
- one at 650 nm (Yellow band) for Ti3+ ,
- one at 720 (half-width 125nm) for Mn4+
and a narrow line at 680 for Cr3+.(Gaft)
Manganese participation is supported by chemical analysis of benitoite (0.03 to 0.11%).
The metastable level 3T1u is the emitting level at low temperatures with a long decay time of 1.1 ms. At higher temperatures an energy level with higher radiation probability must be involved in the emission process, and this level is situated at 0.06 eV higher than the lowest level. These two levels may be connected with 3T1u level splitting or with closely spaced 3T1u and 3T2u levels.
(Source: M. Gaft, L. Nagli, G. Waychunas and D. Weiss, The nature of blue luminescence from natural benitoite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, vol31, 2004)
The red emission of benitoite consists of two individual bands and one line and suggest that the activators of luminescence in benitoite system are Ti3+ and a d3 element, namely Cr3+ or Mn4+.
(Source: M. Gaft, L. Nagli, G. Waychunas and G. Panczer, The nature of red luminescence of natural benitoite, Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol85, 2005)
(*)Gegevens zijn niet exhaustieve, ze zijn beperkt tot de meest belangrijke plaatsen voor fluorescentie
http://www.mindat.org/show.php?name=Benitoite
http://webmineral.com/data/Benitoite.shtml
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